This is the book An Introduction to Nutrition (v. 1.0).
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Table of Contents
About the Authors.. 1
Acknowledgments.. 3
Dedications.. 4
Preface. 5
Chapter 1: Nutrition and You 9
Defining Nutrition, Health, and Disease . 12
What Are Nutrients? 18
The Broad Role of Nutritional Science. 26
Health Factors and Their Impact. 36
Assessing Personal Health 50
A Fresh Perspective: Sustainable Food Systems 55
End-of-Chapter Exercises. 63
Chapter 2: Achieving a Healthy Diet. 65
A Healthy Philosophy toward Food 69
What Is Nutritional Balance and Moderation? .. 74
Understanding the Bigger Picture of Dietary Guidelines 82
National Goals for Nutrition and Health: Healthy People 2020 ..88
Recommendations for Optimal Health 95
Understanding Daily Reference Intakes .. 101
Discovering Nutrition Facts . 106
When Enough Is Enough. 115
Nutrition and the Media. 119
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 123
Chapter 3: Nutrition and the Human Body .. 125
The Basic Structural and Functional Unit of Life: The Cell . 128
Digestion and Absorption.. 134
Nutrients Are Essential for Organ Function.. 142
Energy and Calories .. 152
Disorders That Can Compromise Health . 156
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 163
Chapter 4: Carbohydrates .. 165
A Closer Look at Carbohydrates 169
Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates. 176
The Functions of Carbohydrates in the Body 188
Looking Closely at Diabetes . 194
Health Consequences and Benefits of High-Carbohydrate Diets . 202
Carbohydrates and Personal Diet Choices.. 212
The Food Industry: Functional Attributes of Carbohydrates and the Use of Sugar Substitutes .219
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 231
Chapter 5: Lipids 233
What Are Lipids? . 236
How Lipids Work . 243
Digestion and Absorption of Lipids. 252
Understanding Blood Cholesterol 257
Balancing Your Diet with Lipids 263
Lipids and the Food Industry .. 268
Lipids and Disease .. 272
A Personal Choice about Lipids . 276
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 281
Chapter 6: Proteins.. 282
Defining Protein .. 285
The Role of Proteins in Foods: Cooking and Denaturation.. 293
Protein Digestion and Absorption 296
Protein’s Functions in the Body 300
Diseases Involving Proteins . 308
Proteins, Diet, and Personal Choices.. 314
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 333
Chapter 7: Nutrients Important to Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. 335
Overview of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance. 338
Water’s Importance to Vitality.. 342
Regulation of Water Balance 346
Electrolytes Important for Fluid Balance 354
Consequences of Deficiency or Excess .. 373
Water Concerns 378
Popular Beverage Choices . 389
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 402
Chapter 8: Nutrients Important As Antioxidants 403
Generation of Free Radicals in the Body . 406
Antioxidant Micronutrients. 413
The Whole Nutrient Package versus Disease 438
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 444
Chapter 9: Nutrients Important for Bone Health 445
Bone Structure and Function.. 448
Bone Mineral Density Is an Indicator of Bone Health. 455
Micronutrients Essential for Bone Health: Calcium and Vitamin D ..457
Other Essential Micronutrients for Bone Health: Phosphorous, Magnesium, Fluoride, and Vitamin
K. 473
Osteoporosis .. 484
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis . 488
Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment 493
Deficiency, Supplementation, and Choices 498
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 505
Chapter 10: Nutrients Important for Metabolism and Blood Function . 507
Blood’s Function in the Body and in Metabolism Support .. 509
Metabolism Overview .. 516
Vitamins Important for Metabolism and for Blood Function and Renewal .523
Minerals Important for Metabolism and for Blood Function and Renewal..537
Iron-Deficiency Anemia.. 545
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 552
Chapter 11: Energy Balance and Body Weight 553
Indicators of Health: Body Mass Index, Body Fat Content, and Fat Distribution..557
Balancing Energy Input with Energy Output 562
Too Little or Too Much Weight: What Are the Health Risks?. 575
Dietary, Behavioral, and Physical Activity Recommendations for Weight Management 581
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 589
Chapter 12: Nutrition through the Life Cycle: From Pregnancy to the Toddler
Years 591
The Human Life Cycle.. 594
Pregnancy and Nutrition 598
Infancy and Nutrition.. 614
Nutrition in the Toddler Years .. 632
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 641
Chapter 13: Nutrition through the Life Cycle: From Childhood to the Elderly
Years 643
The Human Life Cycle Continues.. 646
Childhood and Nutrition 651
Puberty and Nutrition . 659
Older Adolescence and Nutrition . 665
Young Adulthood and Nutrition 670
Middle Age and Nutrition . 676
Old Age and Nutrition.. 681
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 687
Chapter 14: Nutrition and Society: Food Politics and Perspectives.. 689
Historical Perspectives on Food 692
The Food Industry.. 699
The Politics of Food 708
Food Cost and Inflation .. 714
The Issue of Food Security 718
Nutrition and Your Health 726
Diets around the World .. 732
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 744
Chapter 15: Achieving Optimal Health: Wellness and Nutrition . 746
Diet Trends and Health 749
Fitness and Health . 763
Threats to Health 770
Foodborne Illness and Food Safety . 782
Start Your Sustainable Future Today. 797
Careers in Nutrition.. 802
End-of-Chapter Exercises.. 806
Chapter 16: Appendix A 807
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